By Veronica Dean on December 13, 2017
(updated by Elyse Brusher on June 22, 2022)
Technology changes the way we conduct research in the humanities. Although the sources you work with may be in a traditional print medium, your project can became digital when you began making electronic copies of the texts.
Sometimes your dissertation research involves conducting fieldwork, consulting special collections and other non-circulating library holdings, and visiting archives. Each will likely have its own rules on how researchers are allowed to interact with the materials. This ranges from limited appointments where copies and cameras are not allowed to large scanners that could save a digital copy of an entire book to a flash drive.
Always use the best technology available to you; in the worst case scenario, the best may be the camera in your pocket!
Here are some tips for digitizing original texts using a smart phone.
Download some useful apps for storage. Our UCLA accounts include large amounts of storage in Google Drive and Box. Humnet email users also have access to OneDrive. All of these have apps that are user friendly for iPhone.
Set up folders in the app of your choice. Try to be as specific as possible: name the folder with the date, institution, and bibliographic information for the text you are looking at.
Turn the flash off. This protects the materials and avoids drawing attention to what you are doing.
If possible, adjust the settings on your phone’s camera to take high quality photographs. File size should not be an issue with Drive and Box. (Here is Apple’s support page on “How to take and edit photos with your iPhone, iPad and Ipod Touch”.)
Take photographs directly through the app of your choice, or try the scan feature.
Photograph the cover and any pages of your source text with bibliographic information.
Include the whole page (with page number) in the frame. You can always zoom in or crop the photo later.
Try not to cast shadows on the source text.
Of course, don’t break the spine of a book, and be gentle when handling materials.
At first glance, the issues with the image below are my hand in the middle of the book and the visible carpet and chair leg. Yet the hand is not obstructing the text, and the background stuff can be cropped out. So we might be ok!
However the real issue with this image is that the text is blurry and difficult to read. This means we can’t leverage tools or processes that we might want to later, such as optical character recognition (OCR).
As a result, be sure to check your images clearly before you leave — especially if you are in a remote location!
Save those photographs! Google Drive and Box will sync your files from your phone to your desktop or the cloud; make sure this happens, then put a copy somewhere else, too. Pro tip: keep 2 copies of everything, in two different places (in case one place is compromised).
Organize your files. This includes renaming the files you created earlier and putting your photos in order.
When you are finished, delight in the fact that you have created digital versions of your primary sources. You will likely find that you use your digital texts constantly for reference in your dissertation, in presentations at conferences, and in your teaching.
Main photo courtesy of Pixabay (https://pixabay.com/en/book-scanner-iphone-1237530/ ) used under the CCO Creative Commons license.
Sample photos provided by the author.
References:
Center for Digital Humanities
Google Drive (UCLA)
Box at UCLA
One Drive (UCLA)